CHAPTER 9 : APPROACHES TO AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA

4 POLICY WHICH IS

• National Agricultural Policy 1
• National Agricultural Policy 2
• National Agricultural Policy 3
• National Agrofood Policy

The good agriculture practice is so important . This is their example 

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Organic Farming 

Organic farming is a method of crop and livestock production that involves much more than choosing not to use pesticides, fertilizers, genetically modified organisms, antibiotics and growth hormones.

Organic production is a holistic system designed to optimize the productivity and fitness of diverse communities within the agro-ecosystem, including soil organisms, plants, livestock and people. The principal goal of organic production is to develop enterprises that are sustainable and harmonious with the environment.

The general principles of organic production, from the Canadian Organic Standards (2006), include the following:

• protect the environment, minimize soil degradation and erosion, decrease pollution, optimize biological productivity and promote a sound state of health
• maintain long-term soil fertility by optimizing conditions for biological activity within the soil
• maintain biological diversity within the system
• recycle materials and resources to the greatest extent possible within the enterprise
• provide attentive care that promotes the health and meets the behavioural needs of livestock
• prepare organic products, emphasizing careful processing, and handling methods in order to maintain the organic integrity and vital qualities of the products at all stages of production
• rely on renewable resources in locally organized agricultural systems

New agricultural sectors:

• Fisheries involving coastal riverine and deep sea fishing activities.
• Aquaculture activities in inland water bodies have increased with cultivation of commercial species
• Recreational fisheries and aquariums are new business ventures.

Food is essential to all living beings. Producing it takes energy, land, technology and water. Food security is not just about getting everyone enough nutritious food. It is also about access, ending waste, moving toward sustainable, efficient production and consumption. 

4 ways to enhance food security :

• enhanced domestic food production
• strategic sourcing
• improving marketing efficiency
• increasing productivity

Promoting Private Sector Participation

• Establishment of agrotechnology parks
• Establishment of incubation centres
• Providing private sector investment in agriculture

Agriculture education

Agricultural education teaches students about agriculture, food and natural resources. Through these subjects, agricultural educators teach students a wide variety of skills, including science, math, communications, leadership, management and technology.

Agricultural education is delivered through three interconnected components:

• Classroom or laboratory instruction.
• Experiential learning — Learning experiences that usually take place outside of the classroom, supervised by the agriculture instructor.
• Leadership education — delivered through student organizations such as the National FFA Organization, the National Young Farmer Education Association, National Postsecondary Agricultural Student Organization and others.

Research and Development Institutions

• Public sector

1. MADA
2. KADA
3. FELDA
4. MARDEC

• Private sector

1. United Plantation Research ( Teluk Intan,Perak )
2. Dupont Malaysia Research ( Prai ,Penang )

• Non-government organisation

1. Malaysian Environmental NGO (MENGO, Selangor )
2. Malaysian Nature Society(MNS,KL)

EXTENSION SERVICES

Agricultural extension (also known as agricultural advisory services) plays a crucial role in promoting agricultural productivity, increasing food security, improving rural livelihoods, and promoting agriculture as an engine of pro-poor economic growth.

LEGISLATIONS AND POLICIES

• Human rights legislation is put in place to protect people from discrimination.

•  It seeks to guarantee people equal treatment regardless of a particular identity or historical oppression in relation to employment, offers of employment and in other instances not related to employment.

Economic Transformation Product (ETP)

• Turn Malaysia too high income economy by 2020

• 12 National Key Economic Area (NKEA) have been identify to boost Malaysian economy .

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